पाठकों को निर्देश
•Unless otherwise stated anywhere in this blog S(कर्ता), V1(क्रिया का पहला रूप जैसे go), V2(क्रिया का दूसरा रूप जैसे went), V3 (क्रिया का तीसरा रूप जैसे gone), Q ( प्रश्नवाचक शब्द जैसे क्या ,कहां ,कब ,क्यों, कैसे ,किसका , कौन , किसे, इत्यादि ) stand for the subject, first form of the verb, second form of the verb, 3rd form of the verb, 'wh' words like what, where, when, why, how, whose, whom, etc.; and 3 dots(...) at the end of the sentence stand for the object (कर्म), complement, etc. The fourth dot stands for the full stop.
•The formula like colourful sentences with italics characters like S, V1, V2, V3, Q, helping verbs, +, ...., ...?, etc. represent the general word-order of the sentences in question.
[1/4] Present indefinite/simple present
•I
Assertive सकारात्मक
S+V1+....
I go. मैं जाता हूं.
Negative नकारात्मक
S+do not+V1....
I do not go. मैं नहीं जाता हूं.
Interrogative प्रश्नवाचक
Do/(Q+do)+S+V1+...?
Do I go? क्या मैं जाता हूं?
Do I not go? क्या मैं नहीं जाता हूं?
Where do I go? मैं कहां जाता हूं?
Where do I not go? मैं कहां नहीं जाता हूं?
When do I go? मैं कब जाता हूं?
When do I not go? मैं कब नहीं जाता हूं?
Why do I go? मैं क्यों जाता हूं?
Why do I not go? मैं क्यों नहीं जाता हूं?
•We
Assertive
S+V1+....
We go. हम लोग जाते हैं.
Negative
S+do not+V1+....
We do not go. हम लोग नहीं जाते हैं.
Interrogative
Do/(Q+do)+S+V1...?
Do we go? क्या हम लोग जाते हैं?
Do we not go? क्या हम लोग नहीं जाते हैं?
Where/when/why do we go? हम लोग कहां / कब/ क्यों जाते हैं?
Where/when/why do we not go? हम लोग कहां/ कब/ क्यों नहीं जाते हैं?
•You (singular or plural)
Assertive
S+V1+....
You go. आप जाते हैं. तुम जाते हो.
Negative
S+do not+V1+....
You do not go. You never go. आप नहीं जाते हैं. तुम कभी नहीं जाते हो.
Interrogative
Do+(Q+do)+S+V1+...?
Do you go? क्या आप जाते हैं?
Do you not go? क्या तुम नहीं जाते हो?
Where/when/ why do you go? आप कहां/ कब/ क्यों जाते हैं?
Where /when /why do you not go तुम कहां/ कब/ क्यों नहीं जाते हो?
•They
Assertive
S+V1+....
They go. वे लोग जाते हैं.
Negative
S+do not+V1+....
They do not go. वह लोग नहीं जाते हैं.
They never go. वह लोग कभी नहीं जाते हैं.
Interrogative
Do/(Q+do)+S+V1+...?
Do they go? क्या वे लोग जाते हैं?
Do they not go? क्या वे लोग नहीं जाते हैं?
Where do they go? वे लोग कहां जाते हैं?
When /why/how do they go? वे लोग कब/ क्यों/ कैसे जाते हैं?
Where /when /why do they not go? हेलो कहां/ कब /क्यों नहीं जाते हैं?
•He/she/it/singular noun
Assertive
S+V1+s/es+....
He goes. वह जाता है.
She/ it /Amit/ Sita/ A man/ A boy/ A girl/ A woman goes. वह/यह/ अमित/ सीता/ एक आदमी/ एक लड़का/ एक लड़की/ एक औरत जाता/जाती है.
Negative
S+does not+V1+....
S+never+V1+s/es....
It does not go. यह नहीं जाता है.
He/ She/ It/ Amit /Sita /A man /A woman/ A boy/ A girl/ A dog does not go. वह लड़का/ वह लड़की/ यह सामान/ अमित/ सीता/ एक आदमी/एक औरत/ एक लड़का/एक लड़की/ एक कुत्ता नहीं जाता/जाती है.
He/she/it/etc. never goes. वह/इत्यादि कभी नहीं जाता है.
Interrogative
Does/(Q+does)+V1+...?
Who+V1+s/es...?
Does he go? क्या वह जाता है?
Does he not go? क्या वह नहीं जाता है?
Where /when /why does he go? वह किधर/ कब/ क्यों जाता है?
Where /when/ why does he not go? वह किधर /कब /क्यों नहीं जाता है?
Who(singular) goes? कौन जाता है?
Who does go? is wrong.
•Plural nouns
Assertive
S+V1+....
Amit and Sumit go. अमित और सुमित जाते हैं.
Amit and his brothers go. अमित और उसके भाई जाते हैं.
Some men go. कुछ पुरुष जाते हैं.
Some men and a woman go. कुछ पुरुष और एक औरत जाते हैं.
Some people go. कुछ लोग जाते हैं.
Some boys and some girls go. कुछ लड़के और कुछ लड़कियां जाते हैं.
Some girls go. कुछ लड़कियां जाती हैं.
Negative
S+do not+V1+....
Amit and Sumit do not go.
अमित और सुमित नहीं जाते हैं. Amit and his brothers do not go. अमित और उसके भाई नहीं जाते हैं.
Some men and a few women do not go. कुछ पुरुष और कुछ औरतें नहीं जाती हैं.
Some people do not go. कुछ लोग नहीं जाते हैं.
Some boys and some girls do not go. कुछ लड़के और कुछ लड़कियां नहीं जाती हैं.
Interrogative
Do/(Q+do)+S+V1+...?
Who+V1+...?
Do Amit and Sumit go? क्या अमित और सुमित जाते हैं?
Do Amit and Sumit not go? क्या अमित और सुमित नहीं जाते हैं?
Where /when /why do Amit and Sumit go? अमित और सुमित कहां कब और क्यों जाते हैं?
Where /when /why do Amit and Sumit not go? अमित और सुमित कहां कब क्यों नहीं जाते हैं?
Where do the boys go? लड़के कहां जाते हैं?
When do the girls not go? लड़कियां कहां नहीं जाती हैं?
Why do the soldiers never go? सैनिक कभी क्यों नहीं जाते हैं?
Why do the men not go? पुरुष क्यों नहीं जाते हैं?
Who (plural) go? कौन लोग जाते हैं?
Who do go? is wrong.
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[2/4] Present continuous/present progressive
•I
Assertive
S+am+V+ing+....
I am going. मैं जा रहा हूं.
Negative
S+am not+V+ing+....
I am not going. I ain't going. मैं नहीं जा रहा हूं.
I am never going. मैं कभी नहीं जा रहा हूं.
Interrogative
Am/(Q+am)+S+V+ing+...?
Am I going? क्या मैं जा रहा हूं?
Am I not going? क्या मैं नहीं जा रहा हूं?
Where/ when/ why/ how am I going? मैं कहां /कब/ क्यों/ कैसे जा रहा हूं?
Where/ when /why/ how am I not going? मैं कहां/ कब /क्यों/ कैसे नहीं जा रहा हूं?
•We/you(singular or plural)/ they/plural nouns
Assertive
S+are+V+ing+....
We are going. हम लोग जा रहे हैं.
You are going. आप/आप लोग जा रहे रहे हो/हैं.
They are going. वह लोग जा रहे हैं. Boys are going. लड़के जा रहे हैं.
Negative
S+are not+V+ing+....
You are not going. तुम नहीं जा रहे हो.
We are not going. हम लोग नहीं जा रहे हैं.
They are not going. वे लोग नहीं जा रहे हैं.
Girls/Boys are not going. लड़कियां/ लड़के नहीं जा रहे हैं.
Interrogative
Are/(Q+are)+S+V+ing...?
Are we going? क्या हम लोग जा रहे हैं?
Are you going?
Are they going?
Are boys going?
Where/ when /why /how are we/ the boys /girls / Amit and Radha are going?
Where/ when /why/ how are we/ they/ boys/ girls not going?
Who(plural) are going? कौन जा रहे हैं?
•He/ she /it/ singular nouns
Assertive
S+is+V+ing+....
He is going. वह जा रहा है.
She is going.
It is going.
Amit is going.
Sita is going.
A boy is going.
A dog is going. एक कुत्ता जा रहा है.
Negative
S+is not+V+ing+....
He is not going. वह नहीं जा रहा है.
She is not going.
It is not going.
Amit is not going.
Sita is not going.
A man is not going.
A woman is not going.
A cow is not going.
He/she/it/etc. ain't going.
He/etc. is never going. वह/ इत्यादि कभी नहीं जा रहे हैं.
Interrogative
Is/(Q+is)+S+V+ing+...?
Is he going? क्या वह जा रहा है?
Is he not going?
Where is he going?
When/ how /why is he going?Where is he not going?
Is it /Amit /Sita / A teacher/A student/A tiger going?
Is it/etc. not going?
Where/ when /why /how is he /she/it/etc. going?
Where/ when/ why /how is he/she/ it/etc. not going?
Who(singular) is going? कौन जा रहा/रही है?
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[3/4] Present perfect
•I /we /you /they/ plural noun
Assertive
S+have+V3+....
I have gone. मैं जा चुका हूं.
We have gone.
You have gone.
They have gone.
Boys have gone.
Sodiers have gone.
Amit and Sita have gone. अमित और सीता जा चुके/चले गए हैं.
Negative
S+have not+V3+....
I have not gone. मैं नहीं गया हूं.
We have not gone.
You have not gone.
They have not gone.
Boys have not gone.
Girls have not gone.
Soldiers have not gone.
Farmers have not gone.
Amit and Sita have not gone.
They/etc. ain't gone. वे लोग/इत्यादि नहीं जा चुके हैं.
Interrogative
Have/(Q+have)+S+V3+...?
Have I gone? क्या मैं जा चुका हूं?
Have I not gone?
Where have I gone?
When/ why /how have I gone?
Where/ when /why have I not gone?
Have we /you /they /girls /sailors/ elephants/ Sam and Joseph gone?
Have we /you /they/ etc. not gone?
Where/ when/ why/ how have we/you/they/etc. gone?
Where/etc. have we/etc. not gone?
Who have gone?
Who have not gone? कौन नहीं जा चुके हैं?
•He/she/it/singular noun
Assertive
S+has+V3+....
He has gone. वह जा चुका है.
She has gone.
It has gone.
A boy has gone.
A girl has gone.
A soldier has gone.
A sailor has gone.
Amit has gone.
Sita has gone. सीता जा चुकी है.
Negative
S+has not+V3+....
He has not gone. वह नहीं गया है.
She has not gone.
It has not gone.
A soldier has not gone.
A girl has not gone.
A sailor has not gone.
Amit has not gone.
Sita has not gone. सीता नहीं जा चुकी है.
Interrogative
Has/(Q+has)+S+V3+...?
Has he gone? क्या वह जा चुका है?
Has he not gone?
Has she/it/Amit/Sita/A man/A woman/The lion gone?
Has she/it/etc. not gone?
Where has he gone? वह कहां जा चुका/चला गया है?
Where /when/ how has she/he/it/etc. gone?
Where/ when/ why /how has he/she/it not gone?
Who (singular) has gone?
Who (singular) has not gone? कौन नहीं गया है?
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[4/4] Present Perfect continuous
•I /we/ you/ they /plural noun
Assertive
S+have been+V+ing+ since.../for....
I have been going since morning. मैं सुबह से जा रहा हूं.
I have been going for 5 hours. मैं 5 घंटे से जा रहा हूं.
We /you /they /Boys/ soldiers/ Amit and Sita /farmers /students /etc. have been going since yesterday /for 2 days.
Negative
S+have not been+V+ing+since.../for....
I have not been going since 12th November/ for 3 months. मैं 12 नवंबर/ 3 महीने से नहीं जा रहा हूं.
We/you/they/ students/ Pam and her daughters have not been going since 2011 /for 1 year.
Interrogative
Have/(Q+have)+S+been+V+ing+since.../for...?
Have I been going since morning /for 5 hours. क्या मैं सुबह से/ 5 घंटे से जा रहा हूं?
Have we /you/ they /Boys/soldiers/ Amit and Sita /The students been going since yesterday/ for 2 days?
Have we/ you/ they/ boys /soldiers /Amit and Sita /the students /etc. not been going since 12th November /for 3 months?
How long have you been going? Since when have you been going?
How many days have you been going for?
Who(plural) have not been going since.../ for...?
•He/she/it/singular nouns
Assertive
S+has been+V+ing+since.../for....
He has been going since.../for.... वह ...(समय)... से जा रहा है.
She has been going since.../for....
It has been going since.../for....
A boy has been going since.../for....
The teacher has been going since.../for....
A dog has been going since.../for.... एक कुत्ता ...(समय)... से जा रहा है.
Negative
S+has not been+V+ing+since.../for....
He has not been going since.../for.... वह ...(समय)... से नहीं जा रहा है.
She has not been going since.../for....
It has not been going since.../ for....
Sita has not been going since.../ for....
A girl has not been going since.../for....
A student has not been going since.../for....
Interrogative
Has/(Q+has)+S+been+V+ing+since.../for...?
Has he been going since.../for...? वह कब से/कितनी देर से जा रहा है?
Has she been going since.../for...?
Has it been going since.../ for...?
Has Amit been going since.../for...?
Has the shopkeeper been going since.../for...?
How long has he been going?
When/where has he been going?
For how long has it been going?
Who (singular) has been going since.../ for...? कौन ...(समय)... से जा रहा है?
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